It's also possible to take a part-time route through research degrees, the expected timeframe for which would be five years.ĭuring your research, you will have the opportunity to work closely with a supervisor who is a specialist in your research area. The completion of the PhD thesis is generally expected to take three to four years, and most funding is based on this assumption. In British universities, the PhD (Doctorate of Philosophy) is traditionally awarded solely on the basis of a thesis, a substantial piece of writing which reports original research into a closely defined area of enquiry. The intellectual vitality of the Section is further evidenced by a dynamic research culture of public lectures, section seminars, postgraduate workshops and conferences, all of which add to a close-knit system of graduate supervision and mentoring that encourages both individual and collective endeavour within the section. The Section also has one of the largest contingents of Latin American specialists in the United Kingdom, whose interests span the poetry and chronicles of the colonial period the formation of national cultures in post-Independence Spanish America and Brazil the experimental literatures of the Spanish American "Boom" and the literature, cinema, and visual art produced in the interlocking contexts of post-dictatorship, mass urbanisation, narcotráfico and neo-liberal globalisation. The research interests of its academic staff thus span a wide range of areas including Medieval and Golden Age Spanish cultures and their consolidation in dialogue with the diverse cultures and faith systems of Africa and the "New World" the literature, art and cinema of Portugal, Brazil and Lusophone Africa the literature of modern Spain and its relationship with the Enlightenment, colonialism, and modernity the cinema of the Ibero-American world from early silent film through to its avant-garde, indigenous, popular and transnational dimensions today and the culture of Catalonia from its rebirth in the Renaixença, through its resistance to Franquismo in literature and film, to its vibrant contemporary artistic, architectural and cinematographic expressions. It is unique in its commitment to exploring the trans-historical and cross-cultural interrelations between all these language areas and their corresponding cultural formations. Or maybe the intent is to express that reading Seneca was the context of the action… Also, the time frame is different as we are not expressing a specific point in the past but a more fuzzy time frame (we don’t know the exact point in time and we don’t care).įinally, había leído un libro sobre Séneca expresses a different time frame that indicates that the action happened before other past action.Īs you can see, the intention and perspective of the speaker, along with the time frame the action is set in, are the two key factors you have to take into account when choosing between tenses.The Spanish and Portuguese Section offers undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan.
Whereas the sentence leía un libro sobre Séneca, albeit being also a past and finished action, expresses a different intention: maybe it was a repeated action, for example, I read Seneca every day during summertime. The intention is that it happened once in the past, It also tells us that action is over now and finished in a time frame that is also past and has no connection with the present. If the person wants to express that reading a book about Seneca is a life experience, then it will use the Perfecto, because the lifetime is still current – as long as the person is still alive, of course –.īut leí un libro sobre Séneca expresses a different intention and time frame. He leído un libro sobre Séneca means that this person read this book in a time frame that is still current: this week, this month, this year… this lifetime. But, what is the perspective + intent of the speakerwith each one, and second, what’s the time frame for each one? Let’s play with four sentences talking about the same action in the past.Īll of these sentences talk about an action ( reading a book) that happens in the past. There are two key elements to take into account when it comes to understanding the dance between the past tenses. One is the perspective + intent, and the other one is the time frame when that action takes place.
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